Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers (CO2) According to NFPA 10
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
CO2 Fire Extinguishers According to NFPA |
Carbon Dioxide Agent:
Carbon dioxide is a compressed gas agent and is commonly referred to as CO2, the agent is retained as a liquid at 800 to 900 psi at temperatures below 31°C, and is self-expelling.Matching Hazard to carbon dioxide extinguishers:
Although rated for use on Class B and C fires, it is often effectively used on small Class A fires.How Carbon Dioxide Extinguishes Fire?
- Carbon dioxide prevents combustion by displacing the oxygen in the air surrounding a fire.
- Cooling the fuel, The rapid expansion and pressure reduction of the pressurized liquid carbon dioxide in the cylinder results in the cooling and refrigeration effect.
Advantages:
- CO2 extinguishers don't leave a residue, a consideration that may be important in laboratories and in areas in which food is prepared or electronic equipment is present.
Disadvantages
- CO2 extinguishers have a relatively short range because the agent is expelled in the form of a gas/snow cloud.
- CO2 extinguishers are affected by wind or drafts.
- If CO2 extinguishers are used in a confined or unventilated area, precautions should be taken so that people are not overcome from lack of oxygen.
Characteristics of CO2 Extinguishers:
For the various sizes, stream ranges, discharge times, temperature requirements, and ratings of carbon dioxide extinguishers available, see the below table:CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER CHARACTERISTICS |
CO2 Extinguisher Components:
- pressure cylinder, or shell
- siphon tube
- valve for releasing the agent
- discharge horn or horn-hose combination.
How to operate CO2 Fire Extinguisher:
- Hold the CO2 extinguisher upright by its carrying handle, remove the locking pin, and squeeze the operating lever.
- In smaller portable models, the discharge horn often is connected to the valve assembly by a metal tube/swing joint connector, it may be operated with one hand.
- Larger portable models require two hands, and their discharge horns are attached to a length of hose.
- Wheeled extinguishers have a cylinder valve with a locking ring pin, a long hose of (4 to 12 m), and a projector that consists of a horn, a long handle, and a control valve. Once the cylinder valve has been opened, the operator controls the discharge with the valve on the projector handle.
References of this article:
NFPA-10 - 2018 edition (Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers)
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Marin Acoustic Solutions Specialist WA, Australia
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